TCP checks from our Santiago node (AS396982) attempt a SYN-ACK handshake to your host on the specified port and measure connection time. This verifies port-level reachability from Chilean cloud infrastructure. It is useful for confirming that application ports are accessible for Chilean users or workloads, and for diagnosing reports of connectivity problems from South America. TCP checks bypass ICMP filtering and reflect real firewall and routing behaviour.

Expected TCP handshake times from Santiago: to Miami-region targets ~108–118 ms, to Los Angeles ~120–130 ms, to São Paulo ~50–58 ms, to Buenos Aires ~18–25 ms, to Frankfurt ~230–250 ms. A TCP check completing significantly faster than these baselines — for example, under 10 ms to a US server — indicates the target is fronted by a CDN with a Santiago PoP, and the handshake is completing locally rather than reaching the US origin.

Google's AS396982 address space is globally recognized and should not trigger geographic access controls targeting South American ASNs. If a TCP check from Santiago fails while both US and European nodes succeed, the most likely causes are: cloud provider IP range restrictions applied to Google Cloud addresses, firewall rules explicitly blocking LACNIC-registered IP space, or routing anomalies on the South American-to-destination path. Comparing against our Brazilian nodes will help determine whether the block is Chile-specific or affects South American IPs more broadly.

Chile is the most connected country in South America by most measurements — fiber penetration, average bandwidth, and IX maturity. Santiago hosts two significant internet exchanges: NAP Chile and PIT Chile. NAP Chile (Neutral Access Point Chile) operates the primary peering fabric used by major ISPs, CDNs, and content networks. PIT Chile (Punto de Intercambio de Tráfico) provides a complementary peering point. Together, these two exchanges give Santiago a domestic traffic anchoring capability that reduces the need for Chilean ISPs to route local traffic through Miami or New York.

International connectivity from Chile exits primarily via submarine cables running up the Pacific coast toward the United States. The South American-1 (SAm-1) and PCCS cables carry the bulk of Chile's international capacity. The primary international landing station is in Valparaíso. Santiago to Miami typically runs 105–115 ms. Santiago to Los Angeles on Pacific cable runs approximately 118–130 ms. Santiago to São Paulo sits around 48–58 ms. Santiago to New York is approximately 135–150 ms. These figures reflect Chile's geographic position at the southwestern tip of South America — closer to the US West Coast than to Europe via any submarine cable route.

The Chilean ISP market is served by Entel Chile (AS7418), Claro Chile (AS14259), Movistar Chile / Telefónica (AS7418 / AS22047), VTR (AS22047), and GTD (AS11664) among others. Antel and Telmex subsidiaries also operate in the market. The domestic backbone in Santiago is well-developed, and most Chilean carrier infrastructure concentrates in Santiago rather than distributing across the country's geographically elongated territory. Our probe node runs on Google LLC infrastructure in Santiago (AS396982).

Google Cloud's presence in Santiago (AS396982) reflects Chile's status as the main South American cloud market outside Brazil. Google operates a South America West region (Quilicura, outside Santiago) that serves Chilean and regional Latin American cloud workloads. AS396982 uses Google's global backbone for international transit, giving it better-than-average peering to most destinations compared to what a standard Chilean ISP on Entel or Claro transit would see.

Our Santiago node provides a test location inside Chile's primary carrier environment with access to Google's well-peered network. Results from this node reflect how Chilean-hosted cloud infrastructure performs — useful for diagnosing whether a service is accessible from South America's most connected country, and what latency Chilean users or Chilean-hosted workloads experience toward European, US, or Asian targets.